雅思阅读真题V130803

Reading Passage 1

Title:

Hydrothermal Vent（海喷现象）

Question types:

流程图
     Summary（有选项）
   选择题

Note:
   说明

旧题 v120204p2

Main Content：
     主要内容
     &
     Answers:
   参考答案

主要讲述海底微生物内容
     介绍一种海喷现象，关于它的发现，形成过程和作用。海洋中的一种东西要经过cracks到达the earth's surface, 然后hot water会流出surface, 然后降温变冷。后面又说到细菌，就是细菌要把生物身体当住所，同时它们也是这些生物的食物，细菌很重要之类的。
     具体说的是海底有很多微生物，因为极端环境，所以含了矿藏，然后说是不是要开发这些矿藏。 Matching: 段落信息配对选
     1.D
     2.E
     3.F
     4. G;
     填空题有:
     5. proteins and -----,
     6. oxygen,
     7. sunlight,
     8. temperature;
     Matching题：
   几个专家的态度，A支持开矿，B研究了开矿的好处和坏处，C反对开矿，直接找人名定位，不难。

相关英文原文阅读

SEASPRAY    was a clandestine U.S. Army special operations unit. Its existence within the    U.S. Department of Defense was held secret insofar as it testifies to the    close links between the United States Army and the Central Intelligence    Agency.
     Established    on 2 March 1981, SEASPRAY was charged with the clandestine transport of    elements of special operations units in the course of their operations. The    management of the unit was entrusted to a joint CIA/U.S. Army command.    SEASPRAY may have been established in response to President Carter's 1978 Executive Order 12036,[1] which generally prohibited the use of the United States Armed Forces in "special activities."
     On one hand, the CIA became the only branch to run clandestine operations abroad, but lacked the resources to do so; on the other hand, the Army had the equipment but not the authority to carry out clandestine operations. A joint unit was created to bring these assets together. SEASPRAY operated many air assets, including various Cessna and Beechcraft light fixed-wing airplanes, and modified FLIR-equipped Hughes 500MD rotary-wing aircraft equipped to transport up to nine operators.
     At first, the unit had 10 pilots, the best flyboys out of the Army's 4,000. Hundreds were evaluated by the CIA, and the best of the best were chosen. Finally, a commercial cover was devised, so that the unit could engage in covert operations, and not be identified as a part of the military. The cover was a CIA company, Aviation Tech Services, which let the helicopters appear as they were privately owned. The unit itself was headquartered at Fort Eustis, Virginia, and was named the First Rotary Wing Test Activity. Another secret headquarters for Seaspray was located in Tampa Bay at MacDill Air Force Base, to support operations in Central America.
   Seaspray would be involved in countless covert operations, most of which the public will never know of. They conducted intelligence missions, transported foreign leaders, and participated in counter-terrorist exercises and missions with Delta Force and other CT units. A few times, Seaspray helicopters were loaned to the Drug Enforcement Administration to combat drug smuggling. In one particular incident, a Seaspray pilot observed as a tanker off the Florida coast, unloaded "cargo" to high speed boats. Eventually, the Seaspray force grew to nine fixed-wing aircraft and five helicopters. Seaspray could get things done quickly, and they were generally well-liked in the special operations community. When Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) needed a Boeing 737 airplane for a counter-terrorist exercise, the U.S. Air Force told them it would take three months to get one. Seaspray delivered the 737 in 3 days.

Comment：
   评注

总体难度中等，其中Matching题比较费时，建议把无序的段落信息匹配放后面写，先写人名-理论匹配，因为定位简单。

Example：
   参考练习

建议参考练习为Early Childhood Education
     推荐理由：题型组合相似度高。
     该文对应题型组合为：
     Matching(段落-信息)
     Matching(事物-特征，带大写)
   True/    False/ Not Given

Reading Skills:
   重点题型解题技巧

细节配对是雅思考试中比较难的题型，我们来分析一下这类题目的做题技巧：
     首先，让我们来了解一下这种题目的出题特点。
     1. 彻底同义转换
     和其它题型不同的是，这种题型是对原文一句话或者一段话进行的彻底同义转换，个别甚至是高度概括，因此几乎不存在任何定位词，因此不能根据定位词到原文中定位答案。考生必须具备非常强的语言理解能力，才能快速识别出文章信息和段落信息的相似之处，从而找到答案。 2. 完全乱序
     由于这种题型是要求把细节信息与所在的段落进行配对，因此是绝对打乱顺序出题的。
     3. 部分题目存在重复选项
     在雅思阅读中，段落细节配对题以两种形式出现，一种是每个选项只能用一次，另外一种题型，在Instruction的最后一句往往有这样的提示：
     NB You may use any letter more than once.
     如果出现这样的提示，则说明某些段落可以重复选用。剑桥真题集中的真题以及笔者、考生的实际考试经历证明，这种指令往往意味着有且仅有一个选项可以使用两次。
     4. 从题量上来看，存在着以下两种可能：
     1) 题量=段落数+1（肯定带NB）
     2) 题量小于段落数两个以上
     由于每个选项只能重复使用一次，因此第一种题型就意味着每个段落都会有至少一个答案，而第二种题型则不能保证每段都有。
     5. 永远是第一个题型
     不管在A类考试还是G类的考试中，我们发现，这种题目永远是出现在第一个题型，而且这种题型与段落标题配对题型List of headings属于“相克题型”，即这两者不可能同时出现。
     6. 有部分题目与其后的题目有关联
     由于这种题型一般都是跨全文出的，因此跟后面的题目不可避免地出现交叉，因此有可能根据后面的题目来推断出细节所在的位置。
     题量=段落数+1, 且带NB的题型：
     前面讲过，由于段落细节配对题的出题特点，这种题型往往暗示了每段都会有至少一个答案，那么这种题目适合用“通篇浏览”的方法来做。具体步骤如下：
     1. 阅读所有题目，划出关键词
     关键词就是能最大限度上概括整个句子的单词或短语，第一步划出关键词，在短时间内将所有的题目进行高度的浓缩，符合人类短期记忆的规律。
     2. 通读所有段落，依次寻找答案
   因为每段都会有答案，因此现在所需要做的事情就是到每段去找答案。要注意在选出信息后，要在选出的段落上做上记号，以免浪费时间。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑4 Volcanoes-earth-shattering news

Reading Passage 2

Title:
   文章标题

Children Food Promotion and    Advertising

Note:
   说明

旧题 v100327p1

Question types:
   题型

List of Headings
   Yes/ No/ Not Given

Main Content:
   主要内容

讲食品广告特别是垃圾食品推荐对于小孩的影响，以及健康食品的推广不受到青睐。进一步提出一些小孩子吃垃圾食品的此类方面的研究似乎没有得出什么明确的结论，低估了promotion的影响力。

Comment：
   评注

文章话题看似简易，实则题型组合失分率最高。
   本篇建议对两项题型把握不大的考生放在后面做。

Example：
   参考练习

建议参考练习为 Air Traffic Control in the USA (C8T1P1)
     推荐理由：题型组合及难度相似度高。
     该文对应题型组合为：
     List    of Headings
   True/    False/ Not Given

题型难度分析

Heading题是一个比较耗时的题目，但只要掌握了搜寻Topic Sentence的能力，就可以节省很多看无效信息的时间。
     填空题是应该要拿分的题目，不可轻视。
   人名理论配对是配对题中不算难的题目。

题型技巧分析

Heading题型做题步骤：
     1. 读题目要求，注意是将heading前的序号写在答题卡上；
     2. 划去Example项，在Lists of headings中将例子的标题划去，同时将对应段落在文章中划去，以免做题时重复找；
     3. 在给出的标题中划出关键词，以名词为主；
     4. 读文章段落，主要读段首和段尾，找出主题句；
     5. 将段落主题句和标题相比较，选出答案。注意事项：
     1. 在找主题句的时候，段首不一定是段落的第一句，很多时候尤其是第二段及以后的段落第一句往往是对上一段的概括，第二句第三句才是主题句；
     2. 如果本段有however, but等转折词汇以及also, although等，主题句即作者的中心在其后面；
   3. 如果某段中重复出现标题中的某个关键词，也可以判定此段的标题即是含有这个关键词的标题。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑6 Nature And Nurture

Reading Passage 3

Title:

Assessing the Risks

Question types:

Yes / No / Not Given(6个)
     填空题(7个,原文原词填空)
   选择题（1个,通过最后一段看作者的观点更倾向于哪种）

Note:
   说明

旧题，参考v070825p3； V110212p3

文章内容回顾

新科技带来利弊的讨论。一方面观点是新科技成功受益全人类，因此应该冒险去搞新科技。另外一方面观点是不应该冒这个险，因为科技带来的危害有些是无法马上预见的。但文章最后比较倾向于去冒险，举了很多冒险高科技成功造福人类的例子。

Answers:
   参考答案

True/ False/ Not Given(6个)
     27. TRUE 28. NOT GIVEN
     29. FALSE
     30. NOT GIVEN
     31. TRUE
     32. TRUE
     Summary (7个，原文原词填空)
     33. consumer's choice
     34. risk and benefit
     35. skiing
     36. GM crops
     37. wheat and rice
     38. production
     39. Mistrust
     Multiple Choice(1个，主旨型)
   40. A

Comment：
   评注

本场第三篇普遍考生感觉偏难。判断题和填空题的数量继续回升。考生应在提高简单题型的正确率上，继续针对Heading，Matching，T/F/NG等难度较大的题型进行训练。

Example：
   参考练习

建议参考练习为Visual    Symbols and the Blind
     推荐理由：题型组合，题型难度相似度高。 该文对应题型组合为：
     Multiple Choices
     Matching
     Summary
   Multiple Choices(主旨)

相关英文原文阅读

The    rise of information and communication technologies in the past decades has    facilitated major economic development. It has expanded access to financial    resources to empower the poor. It has even given tools to government to    detect and monitor criminal activity. Computers systems have been developed    that can automatically flag and react to suspicious transactions, allowing    law enforcement to better protect the market from abuses from petty fraud to    terrorist activity. In sum, these new technologies offer great opportunities    to improve and protect the lives of people everywhere. Paradoxically, the    same innovations that can be used to detect and disrupt criminal abuses also    can be instrumental in buoying it. New technological developments often arise    without the knowledge of lawmakers and the agencies typically in charge of    supervising them. Fast-moving terrorist organizations can take advantage of    this unawareness to accomplish their insidious goals. The two-sidedness of    technological advancement requires a constant vigilance on the part of    policymakers, law enforcement and intelligence in mitigating the risks of terrorism    while simultaneously promoting development, which, ultimately, will reduce    many of the factors that lead to terrorism. Countries have called on the    World Bank to provide greater information on these New Payment Methods. The    most common are mobile phones, the Internet and electronic value cards. Each    of these carries varying levels of opportunity as well as risk. Because of    their newness, many have yet to be regulated or even fully considered by    governments. This means that the financial transactions channeled through them can fall outside the financial regulatory umbrella, existing in a grey zone between the informal and formal financial services. The paper explores these various channels, indications of their vulnerability to terrorist financing abuse and ways that the industry and governments are mitigating them.

题型难度分析

判断题，完成句子难度不大，且有顺序原则。主要清晰认知NO和Not Given的概念；
     填空题应该先做，注意定位词寻找准确；
   选择题（主旨类的选择题最好最后做）。

题型技巧分析

是非无判断题注意看清是TRUE还是YES, 本篇是YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN。
     解题步骤：
     1. 速读句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。考点词：比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only, most, each, any, every, the    same as等）
     2. 排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。
     3. 重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。
     4. 通读所有段落，依次寻找答案
   因为每段都会有答案，因此现在所需要做的事情就是到每段去找答案。要注意在选出信息后，要在选出的段落上做上记号，以免浪费时间。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑桥4 Micro-Enterprise Credit for    Street Youth
   2011年2月12日曾考过一篇Medical experiment risk and benefit